Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) Stunning Drachm. Anceint Greek Silver Coin.

Description

Coin
Description:
KINGS of MACEDON. Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) AR Drachm (4.32g, 17mm, 9h) Early Posthumous Issue of Lampsakos, circa 310-301 BC. Obv: Head of Herakles to right, wearing lion skin headdress. / Rev: Zeus Aëtophoros seated to left, holding sceptre; [A]ΛEΞANΔPO[Y] to right, amphora to left, Θ below throne. Price 1418; ADM II Series XIII; Müller -.
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Alexander the Great Bio:
Alexander III of Macedon
(20/21 July 356 BC - 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as
Alexander the Great
, was a king (
basileus
) of the
Ancient Greek
kingdom of
Macedon
and a member of the
Argead dynasty
. He was born in
Pella
in 356 BC and succeeded his father
Philip II
to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented
military campaign
through Asia and northeast Africa, and he had created one of the
largest empires
of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from
Greece
to northwestern
India
.
He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.
During his youth, Alexander was tutored by
Aristotle
until the age of 16. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. Alexander was awarded the
generalship of Greece
and used this authority to launch his father's Panhellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of
Persia
. In 334 BC, he invaded the
Achaemenid Empire
(Persian Empire) and began a
series of campaigns
that lasted ten years. Following the conquest of
Anatolia
, Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of
Issus
and
Gaugamela
. He subsequently overthrew Persian King
Darius III
and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety.
At that point, his empire stretched from the
Adriatic Sea
to the
Indus River
.
He sought to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and
invaded India
in 326 BC, winning an important victory over the
Pauravas
at the
Battle of the Hydaspes
. He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops. Alexander died in
Babylon
in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of
Arabia
. In the years following his death, a
series of civil wars
tore his empire apart, resulting in the establishment of several states ruled by the
Diadochi
, Alexander's surviving generals and heirs.
Alexander's legacy includes the
cultural diffusion
and
syncretism
which his conquests engendered, such as
Greco-Buddhism
. He founded some
twenty cities that bore his name
, most notably
Alexandria
in Egypt. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of
Greek culture
in the east resulted in a new
Hellenistic civilization
, aspects of which were still evident in the traditions of the
Byzantine Empire
in the mid-15th century AD and the presence of
Greek speakers in central
and
far eastern Anatolia
until the 1920s. Alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mold of
Achilles
, and he features prominently in the history and mythic traditions of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. He became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves, and
military academies
throughout the world still teach his tactics. He is often ranked among the most influential people in human history.
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